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To provide a better experience for users, iOS and macOS rely on the presence of special metadata in each app or bundle. This metadata is used in many different ways. Some of it is displayed to the user, some of it is used internally by the system to identify your app and the document types it supports, and some of it is used by the system frameworks to facilitate the launch of apps. The way an app provides its metadata to the system is through the use of a special file called an information property list file, or Info.plist
for short.
A property list is a way to structure arbitrary data that the system can access at runtime. An information property list is a specialized type of property list that contains configuration data for a bundle. The keys and values in the file describe the various behaviors and configuration options you want applied to your bundle. An Xcode project template typically specifies an information property list file with an initial set of keys and appropriate default values. You can edit the file to change or add keys and values, as appropriate for your project.
At a Glance
This document describes the keys and corresponding values that you can include in an information property list file. This document also includes an overview of information property list files to help you understand their importance and to provide tips on how to configure them.
The Info.plist File Configures Your App
Every app and plug-in uses an Info.plist
file to store configuration data in a place where the system can easily access it. macOS and iOS use Info.plist
files to determine what icon to display for a bundle, what document types an app supports, and many other behaviors that have an impact outside the bundle itself.
Relevant chapter:About Information Property List Files
Core Foundation Keys Describe Common Behavior
There are many keys that you always specify, regardless of the type of bundle you are creating. Those keys start with a CF prefix and are known as the Core Foundation keys. Xcode includes the most important keys in your Info.plist
automatically but there are others you must add manually.
Launch Services Keys Describe Launch-Time Behavior
Launch Services provides support for launching apps. To do this, though, it needs to know information about how your app wants to be launched. The Launch Services keys describe the way your app prefers to be launched.
Relevant chapter:Launch Services Keys
Cocoa Keys Describe Behavior for Cocoa and Cocoa Touch Apps
The Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks use keys to identify high-level information such as your app’s main nib file and principal class. The Cocoa keys describe those and other keys that affect how the Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks initialize and run your app.
macOS Keys Describe Behavior for macOS Apps
Some macOS frameworks use keys to modify their basic behavior. Developers of Mac apps might include these keys during testing or to modify certain aspects of your app’s behavior.
Relevant chapter:macOS Keys
iOS Keys Describe Behavior for iOS Apps
An iOS app communicates a lot of information to the system using Info.plist
keys. Xcode supplies a standard Info.plist
with the most important keys but most apps need to augment the standard file with additional keys describing everything from the app’s initial orientation to whether it supports file sharing.
watchOS Keys Describe Behavior for Watch Apps
Use the Info.plist
keys associated with the watchOS frameworks to configure your Watch apps and WatchKit extensions.
Relevant chapter:watchOS Keys
App Extension Keys Describe Behavior for iOS and macOS App Extensions
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App extensions let you make custom behaviors available in other apps and in system facilities such as notification center. Xcode’s app extension templates each supply a standard Info.plist
file with the most important keys, but you can specify additional keys that describe custom behavior for your app extensions.
See Also
For an introduction to property lists, including how they are structured and how you use them in general, see Property List Programming Guide.
Some Info.plist
keys use Uniform Type Identifiers (UTIs) to refer to data of different types. For an introduction to UTIs and how they are specified, see Uniform Type Identifiers Overview.
Kernel extension developers need to use certain Info.plist
keys in different ways than app developers do, and also need some kernel-extension-specific keys that have no use in app development. If you are developing a kernel extension, refer to the chapter Info.plist Properties for Kernel Extensions in Kernel Extension Programming Topics.
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When macOS Mojave was announced, Apple warned that it would be the last version of macOS that would support older 32-bit apps. Apple has been phasing out 32-bit apps for the last 10 years and is now ready to take the final step, even if Mac users may not be ready to lose access to older apps.
With the release of macOS Catalina, 32-bit app support is no longer available, which means many of your older apps will no longer work if they haven't been updated to 64-bit.
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32-bit vs. 64-bit
32-bit apps date back to a time when there were 32-bit processors and 32-bit operating systems, but are now outdated. Disk recovery software mac reviews. Apple has long since transitioned to 64-bit processors and macOS has been 64-bit since the launch of Snow Leopard in 2009.
Compared to 32-bit apps, 64-bit apps can take advantage of more memory and offer faster system performance. Apple technologies like Metal only work with 64-bit apps, and for Apple to ensure that Mac apps include all of the latest advancements and optimizations, support for 32-bit needs to end. In the simplest terms, 32-bit apps are inefficient.
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32-bit apps can run on a 64-bit system as they've been doing for years, but Apple wants to get rid of outdated apps to make sure everything that runs on the Mac is properly optimized and isn't an unnecessary drain on system resources.
Previous Warnings
Apple started warning Mac users about plans to end support for 32-bit apps back with macOS High Sierra. In High Sierra, users started getting warnings about a 32-bit app's future incompatibility with macOS.
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A similar message was available in macOS Mojave, and if you opened up a 32-bit app while running Mojave, you saw an alert letting you know a specific app wouldn't work with future versions of macOS unless it was updated.
Alerts re-appeared every 30 days when launching an app, with Apple aiming to make sure customers would not be caught unaware when a 32-bit app stopped working in the future, so you should already know if one of your frequently used apps hasn't been upgraded to 64-bit.
Upon updating to macOS Catalina, you'll be shown a list of 32-bit apps that no longer work on your system.
How to Check if an App is 32-Bit or 64-Bit in macOS Mojave
To determine whether an app is 64-bit or 32-bit and to see if there are 32-bit apps installed on your machine before upgrading to macOS Catalina, follow these steps:
- Click the Apple symbol () in the menu bar on your Mac's desktop.
- Click on About This Mac.
- Choose 'System Report' at the bottom of the window.
- Scroll down to the Software list on the sidebar.
- Select Legacy Software.'
Anything in the list of Legacy Software applications is a 32-bit app and will not work when upgrading to macOS Catalina.
If Legacy Software isn't an option in the sidebar, select the Applications option and then check the list of apps at the right. The column that's labeled 64-bit will show a 'No' listing for apps that are 32-bit.
How to Prepare to Update to macOS Catalina
The first step is to make sure there aren't already available updates for apps that you have on your system, which you can generally do by updating through the Mac App Store for Mac App Store apps.
Apps outside of the Mac App Store use other update methods that can vary by app, but for many, you can click on the app's name in the menu bar and choose the 'Check for Updates' option. Some other apps have more hidden update methods, so if you do have a 32-bit app, make sure to Google how to update it to be sure there's not already new software available.
After ensuring you've updated everything you're able to update, you can contact developers and ask them to update their apps, but if that doesn't pan out, the only other solution is to start the search for an alternative app if you're committed to upgrading to macOS Catalina or have already done so.
32-Bit App Warnings When Installing Catalina
When upgrading to macOS Catalina, the installer will show a list of recently used apps that are 32-bit so you know what to expect before installing.
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After viewing this list, you can choose to either cancel or continue with the installation.
macOS Catalina also shows a stop symbol over the icon of 32-bit apps in the Finder, so you know that the app isn't going to open.
Aperture
With the release of macOS Catalina, Aperture is going to stop working. Apple warned Aperture users in April 2019 that the software won't run in future versions of macOS, starting with macOS Catalina.
If you're an Aperture user, you'll have to transition to alternate photo editing and management software, such as Adobe's Lightroom. Aperture is not 32-bit, but Apple is phasing it out all the same.
Affected Media Formats
Certain media files that use older formats and codecs are also not compatible with macOS after macOS Mojave due to the 64-bit transition, and you will need to convert some iMovie and Final Cut Pro X libraries. Incompatible media files were created using codecs that rely on QuickTime 7, and while macOS Mojave has QuickTime 7 frameworks, future versions of macOS will not.
Apple has a full list of media formats that are going to be affected by the transition available in a support document.
Continuing to Use 32-Bit Apps
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In macOS Mojave and earlier versions of macOS like High Sierra, you can continue to use your 32-bit apps. If you have a 32-bit app that you absolutely depend on, you're going to want to think twice before upgrading to macOS Catalina.
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